What Are Matchsticks Made Of?: Matchsticks are small tools used to ignite fire. Typically, they consist of a wooden or cardboard stick or waxed paper. One end of the matchstick is coated with a mixture of flammable substances. When the coated tip is struck against a rough surface or a specially treated area on the matchbox, it produces a flame, igniting the matchstick.
Key Substances Used in Matchsticks
The primary substance used on the tip of matchsticks is red phosphorus. Matchsticks are categorized into two main types: friction matches and safe matches.
1. Friction Matchsticks
Friction matchsticks ignite when rubbed against a rough surface. These matches typically feature a wooden stick about 8 cm long and 0.3 cm in diameter. One end of the matchstick is coated with a red, white, or blue substance. The tip is dipped in melted sulfur or wax, and phosphorus is applied. The coating includes glass powder or sand mixed with white trisulphide paste.
When the matchstick is struck, the friction ignites the white paste, which then lights the rest of the matchstick. Although friction matches are effective, their tendency to ignite easily makes them less safe for everyday use. They are primarily used in controlled environments or industrial settings where safety measures are in place.
2. Safe Matchsticks
Safe matchsticks are designed to ignite only when struck against a specially coated surface. These matches use red phosphorus in place of phosphorus trisulphide. The safety feature ensures that these matches do not catch fire unintentionally. Safe matches are commonly used for everyday purposes due to their reduced risk of accidental ignition.
Historical Milestones in Matchstick Development
The first matchstick was invented in 1627 by English pharmacist John Walker. His creation contained antimony sulfide, potassium chlorate, gum, and starch on the tip of a piece of wood, producing sparks when struck. The first safe matchstick was developed in 1844 by Swedish chemist Gustave E. Pasch, significantly improving safety in matchstick design.
By understanding the composition and types of matchsticks, you can appreciate the advancements in their safety and functionality over time.
